Tamil cinema is a film industry based in Chennai, India, which produces feature films in the Tamil language. Also referred to as Kollywood, a portmanteau of Hollywood and Kodambakkam - the Chennai neighbourhood where most movie studios are located, Tamil cinema is India's second largest film industry in terms of films produced, as per the Central Board of Film Certification report of 2011.

The first silent movie in Tamil, Keechaka Vadham was made by R. Nataraja Mudaliar in 1901. The first talkie was a multi-lingual Kalidas which released on 31 October 1931, barely 7 months after India's first talking picture Alam Ara By the end of the 1930s, the legislature of the State of Madras passed the Entertainment Tax Act of 1939. Tamil cinema later had a profound effect on other filmmaking industries of India, establishing Chennai as a secondary hub for Telugu cinema, Malayalam cinema, Kannada cinema, and Hindi cinema. In its modern era, Tamil films from Chennai have been distributed to various overseas theatres in Singapore, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Malaysia, Japan, Oceania, the Middle East, Western Europe, and North America. The industry also inspired filmmaking in Tamil diaspora populations in other regions, such as in Europe and Canada.

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